CHAPTER
1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Problem
English
is one of the international languages that are used by many people in the world
and in many areas of everyday life. Therefore, using English is the easiest way
to communicate with people from other countries about many aspects in human
life such as technology, economy, social, and politics. As an international language, almost all
countries have adapted English used as a compulsory subject at schools. People
realize that teaching English at these levels are very essential and need much
concern. Furthermore, the national education has decided that English as a
foreign language taught in Indonesian schools.
In Indonesia,
English is a foreign language. Learning a foreign language is an integrated
process that the learner should study the four basic skills: listening,
speaking, reading, and writing. It
is used to understand our world through listening and reading and to
communicate our feeling, need, and desires through speaking and writing. By
having more knowledge about language skill, the learners have much better chance of understanding and being
understood and getting what the
learners want and need from these around us.
Based
on the researcher’s
observation at the VIII grade of SMPN 04 Tandun, during the learning process
the researcherfound many factors that influence the students’
speaking skill. When they are speaking, they lack of motivation to speak
english. This is due to the way of teaching speaking itself is not interesting
and atractive. It causes students were had boredom during speaking session in
classroom. After that, when they were asked to speak they will always try to
dodge because they were shy to speak alone. This is due to the lack of
vocabulary which is causing their performance in speaking class is not
satisfying.
Next,
when they spoke English they took so much time thinking what they wereabout to say some of them do
not say anything. This is due to
their inability to explore their ideas in English. It causes some of them were
not able to say anything because they had no prepared anything to convey to the
listeners in classroom. Finaly, as the main problem from all factors the students
were difficult to produce speech they are going to tell. For example, when
teacher asked the students to
perform that dialogue in front of class without asking them to develop more
communicatively dialogue using their own way. So, they only memorize the dialogue
and most of the students do not know how to use some expressions taught by
their teacher in real communication. Thistechnique cannot help the students use language a means of communication because they could not explore what they are
thinking and they are being limited by the teacher to speak.
The researcher considers that it is necessary
to find out an alternative way to create suitable and interesting technique to students’ condition.
They need any practices to assist them in developing their speaking skill. Many techniques can be applied including inside – outside circle since it encourages them to
interact with others and to be actively participating in teaching and learning
process. This technique also
gives students an opportunity to practice communicating in different situation.
The activity
encourages community building among students while incorporating movement and
interaction. This structure also facilitates peer tutoring and checking for different levels of knowledge
acquisition. This activity also is able to recall some of the information
because students will remember who they are talking to in the circle about the
question.
Based on the
statement above, the researcher
assumes that inside – outside circle technique seem to be good alternative technique for teaching English in
SMPN 04 Tandun since this technique can make students active
in teaching and learning process.It
also allows all students to involve actively in the learning process. On the other hand, it is
particularly useful for kinesthetic learners, conversation practice, and
community – building in the classroom. This technique can be a great warm up as well as a useful way to change
things up and get students moving during along class. In addition, this technique gives students opportunity to speak in the target language
for an extended period of time and might naturally produce more speech than
they would otherwise.
So,
in presenting this paper the researcher
decides to apply inside – outside circle technique in teaching
speaking to measure the success of using inside – outside circle technique
in the speaking class. Based
on the explanation above, the researcher would like to conduct a classroom
action research entitled: “The Aplication of Inside – Outside Circle to Improve Students’ Speaking Skill of the Second Grade of SMPN 04 Tandun.
1.2
Identification of the Problem
Speaking is an important
skill in learning a language and it has an important role in communication. There
are some problems that students found when they are speaking. The problem
caused by many factors that may influence the students’ speaking skill. Firstly,
ost of students were shy to speak alone. They were affraid being laughed by
their friends if they make mistake in speaking. As the effect, they would not
be motivated to speak English because their convidence and motivation were
being drop by their friends.
Secondly, students lack of
vocabulary. Actually they really wanted to speak, but they cannot express what
was in their thoughts which is in Indonesian. As the effect, they could not
apply English in their daily and make the students talk less. Thirdly, students
took so much time to think before they spoke. In the classroom when they were
asked to speak, they tend to be silent because they are trying to find the
correct words to tell. After that, confusion comes up and they are confused to
arrange the words. It causes their time would be waisted in vein and their turn
to speak is over.
Furthermore, students are
difficult to produce the speech. This is due to their hesitation to speak and
they don’t know how to express what is in their thought.Therefore, the
researcher tries to apply inside – outside circle technique in teaching
speaking. The reason why the researcher chose this technique is that the
students would get a lot of chance to speak English which they do not get
anywhere.Further, the students would not be affraid to speak because they speak
along with their friends.
1.3
Limitation
of the Problems
Based
on the identification of the problems above, it was clear that there were many
problems involved in this research. So, the researcher only focused to
encourage shy students to be brave to speak English.Due to that problem, the
researcher tried to solve the problem by applying inside –outside circle
technique.
1.4 Research Questions
The researcher formulates
problem into the following questions :
1.
To
what extent inside – outside circle technique could improve students speaking
skill of the second grade students at SMP N 04 Tandun?
2.
What
factors influenced the students’ speaking skill by using inside – outside
circle technique of the second grade students at SMP N 04 Tandun?
1.5 Purpose of the Research
The purpose of the research could be forwarded as in the followings:
1.
To find out whether the inside – outside circle
technique could improve students’ speaking skill of the second grade students
at SMP N 04 Tandun.
2.
To
find out the factors influenced the students’ speaking skill by using inside –
outside circle technique of the second grade students at SMP N 04 Tandun.
1.6 The Importance of the Research
This research was expected
to give some contribution to students, English teachers, and language researchers.
The contributions were as follows:
1. For students
This research couldhelp
the students improve their speaking
skill and increased
their motivation in speaking English.
2. For English teachers
The result of this research
hopefully could provide the information to the teacherin finding way to
help the students to improve their
speaking skill by using inside – outside circle technique.
3. For language researcher
To give the inspiration for
the languge researchers in understanding
the better technique to improve
students’ speaking skill.
1.7 The Definition of Key Terms
To avoid the
misunderstanding and misinterpretation of this study, the terms are defined as
in the followings:
1. Application means the
practical use of something theory, discovery, etc. (Hornby, 2000: 52). In this
research, it means the application of inside – outside circle technique to
improve students’ speaking skill.
2. Inside – outside circle techniqueis a student engagement technique that requires partner
responses. In
this technique,
two concentric circles of students stand and face one another (McCafferty et al. 2006:165)
3. Improving: to advance
to a better state or quality; make better to increase the productivity if value
(Mifflin, 1981)
4. Speaking skill is an interactive process of
constructing meaning that involve producing and receiving and processing
information(Brown. 2004:140)
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